Clinical & scientific basis

The science behind Vextara

Vextara pairs a DSM-5-aligned intake with an objective attention test, then a licensed clinician interprets the results against age norms. This page explains the method, what it measures, and the research behind it — with references you can check.

Educational overview Prepared by the Vextara clinical teamLast updated September 2026

Key points

  • A Continuous Performance Test (CPT) measures how attention actually performs — not how you rate yourself.
  • Results are norm-referenced: compared against what’s typical for your age.
  • ADHD is defined by the DSM-5-TR and diagnosed by a clinician — never by a test alone.
  • Objective testing is decision support that supplements clinical evaluation.
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01 · The method

What a Continuous Performance Test is

A Continuous Performance Test (CPT) is a standardized, computer-based task that has been used in attention research and clinical evaluation for decades. Simple targets appear on screen; you respond to some and withhold on others, for several minutes.

The task is intentionally a little monotonous — that is the point. Sustaining attention on something low-stimulation is exactly where attention difficulties surface. The system records every response and its timing, then summarizes them into age-referenced measures a clinician can interpret.

Crucially, a CPT is supporting data — one objective input a clinician weighs alongside your intake and history. Professional guidelines are explicit that ADHD is diagnosed through clinical evaluation against DSM-5-TR criteria, not by any single test.[4][6]

The assessment, step by step

  1. 1.DSM-5 intake

    A structured questionnaire across the symptom domains, onset, settings, and impairment — about 8 minutes.

  2. 2.The attention test

    A ~5-minute standardized attention task, from home, no appointment.

  3. 3.Clinician review

    A licensed clinician reads your results against age norms within 24 hours.

  4. 4.Diagnosis & care plan

    After a short online session, your diagnosis and care plan — within 72 hours.

02 · What the test measures

Three windows into attention

Each metric is a specific, well-studied behaviour. Together they describe how attention and impulse control actually hold up under load.

Attention (omission errors)

Missed targets and lapses across a long, monotonous task — a direct read on how steadily attention is held when it matters least and slips most.

Impulse control (commission errors)

Responses to signals you were supposed to withhold — the tendency to act before checking, a core feature of the impulsive presentation.

Reaction-time variability

Not just how fast, but how variable. Reaction-time variability is one of the most robust, well-studied signals of attentional instability.

03 · ADHD in adults

Often missed, rarely outgrown

ADHD is not only a childhood condition. An estimated 4.4% of U.S. adults meet criteria for ADHD, yet a large share are undiagnosed and untreated.[2] In adulthood the visible hyperactivity of childhood often becomes internal restlessness, and the difficulty shifts toward planning, follow-through, time management, and emotional regulation.[5]

Many adults coped for years through effort and workarounds, only hitting a wall when a life change removed the structure that had been holding them together. Because self-report alone can be coloured by anxiety, insight, and memory, an objective performance measure adds signal a questionnaire can’t — which is precisely where a CPT earns its place.

Adults

4.4%

of U.S. adults are estimated to have ADHD (NCS-R).[2]

How adult ADHD shows up

  • • Internal restlessness rather than overt hyperactivity
  • • Trouble with planning, follow-through, and time
  • • Emotional intensity and difficulty shifting gears
  • • A pattern that traces back to childhood[6]

04 · ADHD in children

Common, and best assessed with structure

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions of childhood. As of 2022, about 1 in 9 U.S. children aged 3–17 — roughly 7.1 million (11.4%) — had ever been diagnosed with ADHD.[1] In children, hyperactivity is often more visible, and difficulties surface loudly in structured settings like the classroom.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends diagnosing ADHD using DSM-5 criteria and information gathered across settings — an approach a structured intake is built to support.[4] For a child, a parent completes the intake and manages everything; the child takes a short, game-like test, and a licensed clinician reviews the results against age-appropriate norms.

Children

~1 in 9

U.S. children 3–17 ever diagnosed with ADHD (2022).[1]

Why norms are age-specific

A child’s results are compared against other children, not adults, so “more difficulty than expected” always means relative to the right peer group. The measurement is the same idea at any age; the benchmark adapts.

05 · Why objective data adds signal

Performance, not perception

Questionnaires ask how you think you do; a CPT records how you actually perform, moment to moment. One of the most-studied signals is reaction-time variability — the wobble in how fast you respond from one moment to the next. A meta-analytic review of 319 studies found that reaction-time variability is reliably elevated in ADHD, making it one of the field’s most robust behavioural markers.[3]

That same research is a good example of why we’re careful with claims: elevated variability is characteristic of ADHD but not unique to it, so it can’t stand alone as a diagnosis.[3] That is exactly why a licensed clinician interprets your objective results together with your intake and history, rather than reading a number in isolation.

Performance-based

Behaviour a person can’t easily narrate or fake.

Norm-referenced

Compared to what’s typical for your age.

DSM-5-aligned

Framed the way a diagnosis is actually made.

06 · What it can — and can’t — tell you

Honest about the limits

Objective testing is powerful precisely because we’re clear about what it is — and isn’t.

It can

  • • Give a clinician objective, norm-referenced performance data.
  • • Add signal a self-report questionnaire can’t.
  • • Provide a repeatable baseline to measure change over time.

It can’t

  • • Diagnose on its own — a licensed clinician does that.[4]
  • • Replace clinical history, context, and judgment.
  • • Rule ADHD in or out from a single number.[3]

Vextara is decision support for a licensed clinician — not a diagnosis or a substitute for care. Attention difficulties can also stem from anxiety, depression, sleep, and other conditions, which is a core reason a qualified human makes the call.[5]

References

Sources

  1. 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data and Statistics on ADHD (2022 National Survey of Children’s Health). www.cdc.gov/adhd/data
  2. 2Kessler RC, et al. The Prevalence and Correlates of Adult ADHD in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):716–723. psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716
  3. 3Kofler MJ, et al. Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013;33(6):795–811. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735813000871
  4. 4Wolraich ML, et al. (American Academy of Pediatrics). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4):e20192528. publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/144/4/e20192528/81590
  5. 5National Institute of Mental Health. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
  6. 6American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). 2022. www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm

This page is an educational overview and not medical advice. Prevalence figures and clinical guidance are drawn from the cited public health bodies and peer-reviewed literature; a licensed clinician provides any diagnosis and care.

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